Tensions between Thailand and Cambodia have erupted into deadly border clashes, raising fears of a broader conflict. Fighting broke out in late July near the disputed Preah Vihear temple region, a long-contested area and source of past skirmishes. The conflict has left at least 41 soldiers and civilians dead, with 260,000 people displaced.
Both sides blame each other for the violence. Thailand accused Cambodian troops of crossing into its territory, while Cambodia said it was responding to Thai military aggression. Clashes intensified near Chang Bok and Ta Moan Thom, areas with a long history of military buildup, forcing thousands to flee border villages.
Tensions had been simmering for months. In May, a Cambodian soldier was killed by Thai troops. On July 23, a land mine blast injured five Thai soldiers, triggering open conflict. Both sides exchanged artillery and rocket fire, with Cambodia using truck-mounted launchers and Thailand carrying out airstrikes with F-16s and Gripen fighters.
The crisis has spilled into diplomacy. Thailand expelled Cambodia’s ambassador, recalled its envoy, closed border crossings, and imposed trade bans, alongside increased troop deployments.
Although the International Court of Justice has twice ruled in Cambodia’s favor over Preah Vihear – most recently in 2013 – the dispute remains unresolved, fueled by nationalism and colonial-era boundaries. ASEAN-led mediation has so far failed to secure a lasting peace.
With Thai and Cambodian forces on high alert, international observers are urging restraint and renewed talks to prevent further escalation.